abstract：:In this study in 437 women born in 1948 selected from five European towns we show that several anthropometric measurements are consistently and significantly associated with a metabolic risk profile in premenopausal women of 38 years of age. Among the circumferences, breast and waist circumference were, after adjustme...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Seidell JC,Cigolini M,Charzewska J,Ellsinger BM,di Biase G

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Social inequities and their relation to health form a topic of growing concern in the Netherlands. The present investigation on educational level and mortality was carried out in a cohort of men born in 1932, examined for military service in 1950/1951 and for whom vital statistics could be obtained. In the group of 78...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Doornbos G,Kromhout D

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological interference among viral agents might have significant implications for disease prevention and therapy. Field data for influenza yield conflicting evidence concerning the independence of infection rates, or disease severity, for two co-circulating viruses. To examine the effects of several assumed modes of ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ackerman E,Longini IM Jr,Seaholm SK,Hedin AS

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of behaviour on health is a major area of contemporary epidemiological enquiry. Most epidemiological studies of the effect of behaviour on health assume that the levels of the behaviour-related variables are determined by factors other than those under study. However, in many instances, obvious examples are...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Briscoe J,Akin J,Guilkey D

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Geographical variations in the declining rates of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality may provide clues about various environmental risk factors responsible as a mass influence on the population IHD rate. The rate of IHD decline in 18 of 21 NJ counties was 2 to 45% less than the USA national rate of decline. The o...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Najem GR,Hutcheon DE,Feuerman M

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Few data on birthweight distributions are available for Zimbabwe. This paper reports a study of 2140 births in Harare, Zimbabwe, occurring in April 1986. Births took place in public facilities, which are estimated to serve 85% of the urban population. Mean birthweight for the entire sample is 2970 g, and for singleton...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Dole N,Gleiter K,Savitz DA,Chimbira TH,Mbizvo MT

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, the residential exposure to radon daughters has become a cause for concern as a contributing factor for lung cancer. In order to evaluate the population's risk consequences of different interpretations of the results of epidemiological studies in cohorts of uranium miners, a simulation model has been ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Stolwijk JA,Canny PF

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parental occupational exposures to chemical carcinogens have been associated with malignancies in offspring. Recent studies have raised the issue that electromagnetic fields may play a role in carcinogenesis. We conducted a population-based case-control study testing for an association between the occurrence of a nerv...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Johnson CC,Spitz MR

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data from the Stockholm Health of the Population Study in 1984 (n = 6217) show small differences in mean alcohol consumption and in the prevalence of high consumers in various socioeconomic and educational categories of both sexes. Among young people mean consumption was higher in those who had low formal education, e...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Romelsjö A

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To describe secular trends in pneumonia hospitalizations in the Bronx, New York City from 1982-1986, we analysed all cases with a discharge diagnosis of pneumonia, excluding Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), for Bronx residents by age, sex, neighbourhood, and length of stay (N = 21,822). Hospital deaths from PCP a...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Drucker E,Webber MP,McMaster P,Vermund SH

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many of the known or suspected risk factors of sex hormone-dependent cancers in women (low parity, delay in childbearing, etc) are typical features of modern reproductive behaviour. Within the USSR regional variations in principal reproductive characteristics and the incidence of breast and cervical cancers have been ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Remennick LI

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A hospital-based case-control study of myocardial infarction in young women conducted in Belgrade from January 1983 to December 1986 is presented. A total of 58 women with infarction, aged 30 to 50 years were compared with 174 age-matched controls. Smoking of 15 or more cigarettes per day, diabetes, hypertension, angi...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ananijević-Pandey J,Vlajinac H

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the Zutphen Study data were collected on occupation, smoking habits, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, height and weight of 856 men who were 40-59 years old in 1960. Between 1960 and 1985 detailed information was collected on mortality. The effect of socioeconomic status as indicated by occupation on 25-year morta...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Duijkers TJ,Kromhout D,Spruit IP,Doornbos G

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition of the increasing importance of early dementia screening for both research and clinical purposes has led to the development of numerous screening instruments. The most promising of these are based on neuropsychological measures which are able to focus on very specific cognitive functions. Of these tests th...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ritchie KA,Hallerman EF

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between body fat and different aspects of glucose tolerance was examined within the Zutphen Study. In 1970 an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out in 404 non-diabetic men aged 50-70. None of the subjects could be classified as having impaired glucose tolerance. Body mass index (BMI), sub...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Feskens EJ,Kromhout D

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated whether alternative clinical and microbiological criteria for outcome events affected estimates of vaccine efficacy in a randomized, double-blind field trial of B subunit-killed whole cell (BS-WC) and killed whole cell-only (WC) oral cholera vaccines among 62,285 rural Bangladeshi participants. At one ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Clemens JD,Stanton BF,Harris JR,Chakraborty J,Sack DA,Rao MR,Ahmed F,Ansaruzzaman M,Yunus MD,Svennerholm AM

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood pressure levels were measured in 626 children (138 Japanese, 477 Bolivian and 11 of mixed blood) in a Japanese agricultural settlement in Bolivia. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure was higher in Japanese children than in Bolivian children at each measured age by 4.09 mmHg (P = 0.0001) and 2.25 mm...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Tsugane S,Kitagawa Y,Kondo H

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The association between social ties and survival was assessed using a stratified sample of 1060 elderly aged 60-89 years in the city of Tampere, Finland. During the 6.5-year follow-up, 240 men and 153 women died. Compared with married men, the death rate ratio among unmarried men was 1.7 and among widowers 1.2. The re...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Jylhä M,Aro S

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of misclassification by one-, two-, or seven-day food records on the apparent magnitude of results was quantified for two hypothetical models of association of diet with disease. For each of 106 women, classification to quintiles of intake was calculated from 37 to 72 one-day records and compared to classif...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Freudenheim JL,Johnson NE,Wardrop RL

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An outbreak of typhoid fever occurred in Chu-Tung township, Taiwan, with dates of onset from 6 July to 8 August, 1983. Fifty-four cases were hospitalized, of which 52 were laboratory confirmed. A chloramphenicol-resistant strain of Salmonella typhi was isolated from patients' blood samples. A community survey of 2772 ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： King CC,Chen CJ,You SL,Chuang YC,Huang HH,Tsai WC

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiovascular disease risk factor and mortality data collected since the 1978 Conference on the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality were reviewed. Risk factor and disease trends were generally parallel and compatible with current hypotheses of cause and prevention. A few discrepancies between risk factors and...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Blackburn H

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been a general decline in mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in Finland since the beginning of the 1970s. An intensified preventive programme was started in the province of North Karelia in 1972. Between 1974 and 1979 the decline in IHD mortality in North Karelian men was steeper than that in the r...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Tuomilehto J,Puska P,Korhonen H,Mustaniemi H,Vartiainen E,Nissinen A,Kuulasmaa K,Niemensivu H,Salonen JT

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapid changes in national rates, with little evidence of cohort effects, must substantially reflect changes in incidence rates due to socioeconomic and behavioral influences, operating with a rather short incubation period. Every newly-rich society usually experiences its epidemic of coronary heart disease. Rate chang...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Rose G

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Minnesota Heart Survey (MHS) assessed population trends in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, morbidity and risk factor levels in the Twin Cities metropolitan area to explain the decline in CHD deaths. Age-adjusted CHD mortality rates declined in Twin Cities residents aged 30 to 74 from 1968 to 1986 by 52% in...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Burke GL,Sprafka JM,Folsom AR,Luepker RV,Norsted SW,Blackburn H

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This two-year controlled study was conducted to define the mode of transmission of hepatitis B infection in Ethiopia. Twenty-five of 500 (5%) expectant mothers were identified as HbsAg positive (Group A). A control group of 29 mothers negative for HBsAg (Group B) was randomly selected. These 54 mothers and their famil...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Tsega E,Tsega M,Mengesha B,Nordenfelt E,Hansson BG,Lindberg J

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clustering of xerophthalmia in villages and in households was assessed among preschool children surveyed in the Lower Shire Valley, Malawi, and in Aceh province, Indonesia. Trachoma clustering was similarly assessed among the same children in Malawi. Trachoma clustered much more than xerophthalmia among villages a...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Katz J,Zeger SL,Tielsch JM

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This case-control study was designed to determine whether males who were exposed to diethylstilboestrol (DES) in utero are at increased risk of testicular cancer. Questionnaires were completed for 79 residents of Connecticut, who were diagnosed with primary cancer of the testes between 1945 and approximately six month...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gershman ST,Stolley PD

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A questionnaire survey was administered in January 1982 to 3090 junior high school boys and girls in Nagoya, Japan. The proportion of current regular smokers who smoke at least one cigarette per week was 3.6% for boys and 0.5% for girls. By the third grade this had increased to 6.9% and 1.2% respectively for each sex....

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ogawa H,Tominaga S,Gellert G,Aoki K

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Until recently, botulism was not recognized as an important public health problem in Taiwan. In 1986, an outbreak of type A foodborne botulism resulted in nine cases, two of them fatal. The vehicle in this outbreak was commercially preserved peanuts processed by an improperly equipped, unlicensed cannery. A single bat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chou JH,Hwang PH,Malison MD

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In an effort to search for causes of malnutrition in the urban environment to guide intervention efforts, a study of more than 2000 mother/child pairs was conducted in Kinshasa, Zaire. Under the auspices of the Zairian National Nutrition Planning Center a representative sample of a large lower class urban population w...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bertrand WE,Mock NB,Franklin RR

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An elderly Belgian population group anno 1986 consisting of 53 men and 110 women above the age of 75 years with a mean age of 80 and 81 years, respectively, is characterized by relative obesity and low diastolic blood pressure, both in men and women. The SBP/DBP ratio is 1.91 in men and 1.88 in women. HDL-cholesterol ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kesteloot H,Heyrman J,Geboers J,De Lepeleire J,Lissens W

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We undertook a case-control study to investigate the association between chemicals in maternal drinking water consumed during pregnancy and congenital heart disease in the offspring. Two hundred and seventy affected children and 665 healthy children were enrolled in the study. Information on contaminant levels in mate...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Zierler S,Theodore M,Cohen A,Rothman KJ

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Theoretical considerations concerning the use of other cancer patients as controls in cancer case-control studies are reviewed. Selection bias may be a problem in that some other cancers may be caused by the exposure under study biasing the odds ratio towards unity. Such bias is noted to be greatest with low prevalenc...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Smith AH,Pearce NE,Callas PW

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of household exposure to cigarette smoke on hospitalization and incidence of respiratory illness were examined among 2227 children at Chang-Ning District, Shanghai Municipality, People's Republic of China. The passive smoking quantity was estimated by total daily cigarette consumption of family members and...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chen Y,Li WX,Yu SZ,Qian WH

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The problems and prospects in the use of case-control studies to assess the effects of improvements in environmental sanitation on diarrhoea morbidity are discussed on the basis of two field studies. It is concluded that an adequate design is available for assessing the effects of a single improvement on diarrhoeal di...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Briscoe J,Baltazar J,Young B

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The infant mortality rate is not a good indicator of overall mortality or health status. Based on new empirical life tables from the UN Population Division, it can only predict life expectancy with 95% confidence to within a 14-year range. Two infant mortality rates must be nearly 80 units apart to be 95% confident th...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Murray CJ

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proportional relationships of the four numbers in a 2 x 2 table can be displayed using two types of box graphs. In one approach, a 'unitary square' is first divided according to the denominator proportions of the two groups formed in a cohort or case-control study, and then re-divided according to the numerator pr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Feinstein AR,Kwoh CK

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Papua New Guinea a 15-year mortality follow-up was carried out among 2026 highlanders and 1734 coastal dwellers on whom data on respiratory symptoms and signs, and lung function had been obtained by prevalence surveys in 1970/71. Survival status was established in 99%, of whom 9.8% had died, the rate being higher i...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Anderson HR,Vallance P,Bland JM,Nohl F,Ebrahim S

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A review of the international epidemiological literature is undertaken with the view of identifying the main demographic and sociocultural features of MS as they apply to ethnic groups. Ethnic groups are differentiated principally in terms of three variables: race, religion, and nationality. Although MS is present in ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lowis GW

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium disease on the basis of history and physical examination alone is often difficult. Tests have thus been developed to allow an early and more accurate diagnosis. However these tests have substantial imperfections and many different results obtained from these tests must be integ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ng'andu NH

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00